The Southern Manifesto By Howard Smith - 1009 Words

The Southern Manifesto On this date, Howard Smith of Virginia, Director of the House Rules Committee, presented the Southern Manifesto in a discourse on the House Floor. Formally titled the Affirmation of Constitutional Principles, it was signed by 82 Representatives and 19 Senators about one-fifth of the participation of Congress and all from states that had once created the Confederacy. It denoted a minute of southern resistance against the Supreme Court s 1954 point of interest Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka choice, which discovered that different school offices for high contrast school youngsters were characteristically unequal. The Manifesto assaulted Brown as a misuse of legal force that trespassed upon states rights. It encouraged southerners to fumes all legal signifies to oppose the disorder and disarray that would come about because of school integration. Smith had coordinated with a few Senators to build up the Manifesto, and Walter F. George of Georgia presented it in the other chamber. Under Smith, the Rules Committee turned into a burial ground for various social liberties activities in the 1950s. In his prefatory comments, Smith pronounced that the boat of state had floated from her moorings, and depicted the high court s record on social liberties as one of rehashed deviation from the major partition of forces and unavoidably suggested self-governance of the states. A little gathering of Southern Members ascended on the House Floor toShow MoreRelatedReligion as a Major Organizing Ideology to the Social and Political Reality of the Nineteenth-Century3824 Words   |  16 Pagesconsiderable and canonical power of sacred patriarchal scripture, Willard and Wells claimed their own rhetorical space. In Willard’s diary entry on November 28, 1859, she offers a poignant glimpse of her difficulty in adhering to her personal manifesto. There is a direct relation between the rhetoric of her confession and the way in which white upper-class women performed their gender—even in the private discursive space of their journals. Similarly, the power relations in the private s piritualRead MoreIss 225 John Molloy Final Exam Study Guide Fall Semester 20128139 Words   |  33 Pagesdeclined if they politically go against the senate. Why did the committee reject Judge Robert Bork as a Supreme Court justice? He did not politically agree with the democratic run senate. What does it mean that Senators Joe Biden, Ted Kennedy and Howard Metzenbaum â€Å"borked† a Supreme Court nominee? They voted against a justice because of their political party. What was the nature of the political uproar over the nomination of Clarence Thomas to be a Supreme Court justice? He was accused of sexualRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pages9. Modernizing government: the calculating self, hybridization, and performance measurement Liisa Kurunmaki and Peter Miller  ¨ 10. Analytics of costing system design Eva Labro 11. Understanding management control systems and strategy Kim Langfield-Smith v vii xi 1 20 42 69 92 117 146 166 198 217 243 x CONTENTS 12. Management accounting, operations, and network relations: debating the lateral dimension Jan Mouritsen and Allan Hansen 13. Trends in budgetary control and responsibilityRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior 616 623 Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 About the Authors Stephen P. Robbins Education Ph.D. University of Arizona Professional Experience Academic Positions: Professor, San Diego State University, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, University of Baltimore, Concordia University in Montreal, and University of Nebraska at Omaha. Research: Research interests have focused on conflict, power, and politics in organizations, behavioral decisionRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesthat brought workers into a central location and into contact with other workers. It was during the development of effective and efficient management control of these newly founded organizations that many management concepts began to emerge. Adam Smith, in his writing, particularly in The Wealth of Nations, described division of work and time-and-motion studies as they should be employed in organizations. 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Narayan Bodapati, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville; Warren J. Boe, University of Iowa; Burton Dean, San Jose State University; Kwasi Amoako-Gyampah, University of North Carolina–Greensboro; Owen P. Hall, Pepperdin e University; Bruce C. Hartman, University of Arizona;Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesstarted in the early 1600s in Gloucester, England. By 1802, there were nine factories in the city employing 1,500 people and exporting pins to North America and Spain. It was an industry that required the skills of a number of different artisans. Adam Smith, the pioneering economist, considered pinmaking a classic example of the ‘division of labour’. Just how many different artisans were involved in the chain of production is controversial. Some manufacturers seem to have managed with six workers, whilstRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesNational, flew to Southern California to one of National s (tool) plants. 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Justification Of Punishment Justified By Ted Honderinch s...

Why punish? Is the use of punishment Justified? Ted Honderinch’s Punishment: The supposed Justifications Revisited aim to answer these questions. Punishment is at the core of our punitive systems, therefore society needs to establish a well thought-out moral explanation as to why we punish and what we aim to achieve with the use of punishment. Honderinch set out to analyze the supposed moral claims that justify the practice of punishment and to determine if they are satisfactory enough for the intentional infliction suffering and deprivation. What are the claims as to why punishment should be morally used? The author looks at three main justifications of punishment. Those who believe that the offender deserves to be chastised for his or her crime justify punishment by appealing to desert thereby retributive in nature thus backward-looking. The justification of punishment on forward-looking factors justifies punishment for its ability to prevent and reduce crime therefore through punishment the offender is capable of reform and rehabilitation. The third justification is the mixture of both justifications in which punishment is deserved for some past offences, and also it reduces crime. From these Justifications, it is clear that one cannot justify punishment without stating its aim. Honderich argues persuasively that these justifications that these justifications are not satisfactory. Honderinch in his analysis considers numerous backward-looking justifications, those

Culturally Unaware Essay Research Paper Culturally UnawareI free essay sample

Culturally Unaware Essay, Research Paper Culturally Unaware I was be aftering to take a at leisure trip this summer, but now I think I # 8217 ; ll have to alter my programs. Alternatively I # 8217 ; ll likely have to take a clang class in Sensitivity for the Culturally Unaware. Maybe it # 8217 ; s because I grew up in Chicago, possibly the most culturally diverse metropolis in the state. Possibly it # 8217 ; s because I have a mulatto niece and nephew. Maybe it # 8217 ; s because my cousin # 8217 ; s last name is now Hernandez. Maybe it # 8217 ; s because my married woman # 8217 ; s cousin is a Native American. Or maybe it # 8217 ; s because we Poles have borne the brunt of more gags than any other cultural group, but all this clip I thought I was cognizant of other civilizations and the feelings of members of other cultural groups and minorities. Now I guess I # 8217 ; m non. At least my brotherhood newssheet, the BEA_Messenger, says I # 8217 ; m non in an article on multicultural consciousness. We will write a custom essay sample on Culturally Unaware Essay Research Paper Culturally UnawareI or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I for one return pride in our state # 8217 ; s history in respect to minorities. Minority groups founded this state. The spiritual groups who felt the force per unit area of persecution in their fatherlands came here to get down new lives, and finally a new state. The cultural groups that came in a great inundation of immigrants came to get away the economic subjugation of their fatherlands. Those groups, excessively, found a manner to go portion of the American experience. They didn # 8217 ; t need, nor did they demand, any Torahs necessitating credence into society. Kindness, tolerance and regard are things that can merely be earned, non handed down by legislative edict. Those things mandated by jurisprudence neer reach into the fibre of our state. They neer take root in our minds. In fact, as we have excessively frequently seen, legislative edicts that mandate how we should move or experience lead to merely more discord and divisiveness. Great paces have been taken on the route to equality. Despite claims to the contrary, adult females have more chance now to win than of all time before. Today, 50 per centum of jurisprudence school alumnuss are female. Where twenty old ages ago possibly 5000 adult females were industrial applied scientists, today that profession consists of 175000 females. Blacks, excessively, have made great paces. They are now city managers, governors, and Judgess. They hold places of authorization in about every section of our state. We as a state by and big have so accepted minorities into the crease of this civilization, peculiarly when those minorities have done much to gain our regard. The February 21, 1992, issue of the Messenger, nevertheless, suggests that I am non multiculturally cognizant plenty. It suggests that things I say or feel may be taken as derogatory. It smacks of a political rightness and Big Brotherhood, which, if we honestly measure it, does more to impede our First Amendment rights than any oppressive behaviour of the past. I am multiculturally cognizant plenty already without holding my brotherhood seeking to convince me that I am non. I am peculiarly upset by the deduction that comments I may or may non do are derogative and multiculturally incognizant. I think, and believe, that people should be treated every bit. I besides believe that much of what is deemed to be # 8220 ; multiculturally cognizant # 8221 ; is merely field silly. And some of the things in the Messenger article point to this. It is true that # 8220 ; few of us # 8230 ; believe that adult females are the weaker sex. # 8221 ; It is every bit true that most of realize that, unless her name is Bertha or Beulah, few adult females can bench press the same weight as work forces, or hit a golf ball every bit far as Jack Nicklaus. True, many attractive adult females have the physical capablenesss of the ancient Amazons, but they normally go by the name of # 8220 ; Blaze # 8221 ; or # 8220 ; Dementia # 8221 ; and appear on a regular basis on American_Gladiators or Roller_Derby. Yes, I do go # 8220 ; impatient with aged people who drive more easy # 8221 ; than I do. But, it # 8217 ; s non because they are aged. It # 8217 ; s because I don # 8217 ; t want to bust up the front terminal of my auto by running into dorsum terminal of a auto that is traveling 35 miles per hour on an interstate main road. After rummy drive, the bulk of car accidents are caused by drivers traveling under the posted velocity bounds. I do non, nevertheless, go impatient with elderly people who # 8220 ; stow their alteration before traveling from the check-out counter. # 8221 ; They # 8217 ; re non stowing their alteration. The experience of their old ages has taught them that half the tellers in the state don # 8217 ; t cognize how to do alteration, and they # 8217 ; re merely doing certain they don # 8217 ; t acquire gypped. I now have to surmise the wisdom of stating certain things, harmonizing to the Messenger. Stating of my boy, # 8220 ; He # 8217 ; s all male child, # 8221 ; is incorrect now. So, excessively, is stating that he and his friends are # 8220 ; moving like a clump of savages. # 8221 ; So I can # 8217 ; t state them to # 8220 ; sit Indian manner # 8221 ; for a piece and behave themselves. I don # 8217 ; t understand this at all. I surely don # 8217 ; t want an intersex for a boy. But if he was, I still wouldn # 8217 ; t want him moving like a barbarian when we are purportedly civilized. As for the act of sitting on the floor cross-legged, which is non to be confused with the sitting place of speculation known as the Lotus place, I can believe of no other manner to state it other than Indian manner. By the clip I got, # 8220 ; sit on the floor cross-legged, etc # 8230 ; . # 8221 ; out of my oral cavity, my boy and his friends would turn into all male childs once more and get down running about like barbarians. The Messenger asks if I feel that a male child who dramas with dolls is less masculine. Male childs have ever played with plaything soldiers. Today # 8217 ; s G.I. Joe and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtle action figures are still dolls by any other name. When they start playing # 8220 ; Let # 8217 ; s frock like Barbie, # 8221 ; though, I think it # 8217 ; s clip to worry. I # 8217 ; m non willing to hold my boy put on a frock at an early age merely to see if he turns out like Ernest Hemingway. I must acknowledge that at times I must remind him to halt being # 8220 ; all boy # 8221 ; and that his sister is non a member of the evil Cobra Force or Foot Clan. Next, the Messenger asks if I feel that eating a hog is more acceptable than eating a Canis familiaris. As I am neither Judaic nor vegetarian, in which instance I would truly be upset by the inquiry, I will reasonably much eat anything on the home base every bit long as it isn # 8217 ; t still traveling. Any Pole who can slurp down a bowl of czardnina ( duck blood soup to those of you who are culturally incognizant ) ought to be able to manage a part or two of Wanderer ala Carte. I am inquiring, though, how this feeding of Canis familiariss tantrums into the docket of the carnal rights militants. Are they be aftering to go to Eastern states and state them to halt eating Canis familiariss and get down masticating down a few terrors and beer alternatively merely to maintain the hogs represented every bit on the universe # 8217 ; s dinner tabular array? In possibly a concluding effort to do its point, the Messenger asks how I would experience if a black household bought the house next door. Given that my brother-in-law was black, I supposed I should be the one who is insulted by this inquiry. It # 8217 ; s merely every bit silly as the other points made in the article. Cipher in their right head wants anybody populating following door to them. All of us would likely prefer that our nearest neighbours were 40 stat mis off and the lone manner they could reach us was by Canis familiaris sled. Since we can # 8217 ; Ts have that ideal, we settle for anybody who can kill blowballs and cuts their grass on a regular footing. We would besides require that they keep their Canis familiaris from pooping in our pace. We would wish them to make the same things with their childs, non hold a batch of big, loud parties, and non hold the bulls pull up in forepart of their house every other dark. Most of us have neer given much thought to the inquiry, but when we do, we decide we don # 8217 ; t give a hoot. I don # 8217 ; t assume to cognize about other civilizations. My perceptual experiences of other civilizations can merely be based on experience. That is why I plan on go toing that Summer Camp for the Culturally Unaware. I do hold one status to put upon my attending at this cantonment. Whoever is running the cantonment, possibly even the individual who wrote the Messenger piece. has to go to a cantonment that I am get downing down the route from them. It # 8217 ; s called Summer Camp for the Multiculturally Without a Clue. Every dark we have czardnina and hot Canis familiariss for supper. Then we sit Indian manner around a campfire. Boys and misss are welcome regardless of race, faith or credo.

Literary devices in the Ministers Black Veil free essay sample

Miller 4/16/13 In every literary piece an individual reads, may It be short story or novel, there are bound to be some type of literary device, may It be Just one maln one the author focuses their attention to add a specific tone to their piece as a well as make that literary piece distinguishable, or multiple devices to maintain variety and unpredictability. Without at least decent use of literary device, the readers eyes will begin to stray as they are trying to maintain attention with that specific piece. There re no comparisons to show to a reader what the author perceives an object or living thing means to them and without any devices, the goal of drawing the reader out of their world and into the authors ultimately fails at grabbing the readers attention because there was nothing in the story effective enough at evoking the targeted emotion the author was trying to do from the very start A short story that does a great job at successfully drawing the reader away from their world and into the authors is The Ministers Black Veil by Nathaniel Hawthorne. We will write a custom essay sample on Literary devices in the Ministers Black Veil or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This Story has a variety of literary device, but as to what stands it, It Is symbolism. Symbolism Is the authors way of showing readers the significance of an object to them and what they truly represent in their hearts. The story has major emphasis on the idea that the veil the protagonist (Parson Hooper) of the story wears Is actually a barrier that masks the sin committed by Hooper done sometime before the start of the story and a mirror that reflects the true sinful nature of human beings back into the eyes who gazed at the veil as evident by the townspeoples reactions to the vell when Hooper walked into the church with it -possibly in the form of a horrendous creature that looks esembles them, but with demonic facial features if you think about it-. When everyone In the church reacted so negatively to the vell at first, the first thing a reader would expect the townspeople to do is stop and consider the different possible reasons for Hooper donning such an odd accessory as well its symbolic significance. Instead of doing the following, the towns people chose to see, hear and believe only what they want to and decided that gossiping and ignoring Hooper would do them good when all it did was symbolize the curious and superstitious nature to human beings as being as Including a hint of the shallow side to human eings as well. This story places heavy emphasis on the idea that no human is perfect despite social standing or Job and none shall ever be because for every positive that a human creates, a negative trait will show up to balance It out. This is shown to be true because even though Parson Hooper is minister, a person famous for teaching beliefs, even has committed a sin as shown when he attends a wedding and proceeds makes a toast to the couple only to catch his own reflection in the glass, which was a sight so frightful that he spilled his wine glass and left immediately, hich makes it obvious according to the story that Hooper has sinned before because anyone who flinched at the sight of the vell In the story was guilty of a committed sin. Literary devices in the Ministers Black Veil By Razeblaze The Ministers Black Veil Literary Device Analysis bound to be some type of literary device, may it be Just one main one the author emotion the author was trying to do from the very start. A short story that does a great Job at successfully drawing the reader away from their world and into the of literary device, but as to what stands it, it is symbolism. Symbolism is the authors rotagonist (Parson Hooper) of the story wears is actually a barrier that masks the sin committed by Hooper done sometime before the start of the story and a mirror the veil as evident by the townspeoples reactions to the veil when Hooper walked everyone in the church reacted so negatively to the veil at first, the first thing a nature to human beings as being as including a hint of the shallow side to human positive that a human creates, a negative trait will show up to balance it out. This is anyone who flinched at the sight of the veil in the story was guilty of a committed sin.

Who Is To Blame In The Crucible Essay Example For Students

Who Is To Blame In The Crucible Essay In the play The Crucible, Millers picture, of the Salem witch hunts of 1692 may fitly be examined as a work of dramatic art, as a product of the author, and as a social document. A major character that enabled the dramatic art to come into play is John Proctor himself who was a leading character and Arthur Miller built up to the big scenes seen throughout the play where the characters are made to be seen as more appealing. The characterization shown with John Proctor was not only detailed but an essential part of the play. Without Proctor having a part through the play, it would have been dull and boring. John Proctor was hardheaded, strong and skeptical. The Tenacity of his beloved wife Elizabeth is, nevertheless made to weaken, to confess to a lie in order to give a more theatrical effect to his final resolve to proclaim, and to die for, the truth. On the other hand, Proctor will lie privately, but he refuses to sign so that his lie can be made public. John felt if others knew of h is lies he would have a bad name. He always wanted to have a good name. We will write a custom essay on Who Is To Blame In The Crucible specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When in court John was questioned as to whether he was having or not having an affair with Abigail. The questions were directed toward Johns wife Elizabeth. Proctor had made certain to the judge that Elizabeth could not and certainly would not lie. Sure enough, when Elizabeth was questioned she ended up lying to try to save her husbands reputation from being ruined, Meanwhile she had no idea what John had previously stated and how this wouldbring on the deterioration of his character. This is where irony took its part, with Elizabeth testifying that John certainly is not a lecher but, John previously admitted Abigail was his eager whore. This twist gave a dramatic effect toward The power shown in the big scene with the maid who had withdrawn from the accusation made toward her for witchcraft certainly made the tension grow and as Shipley said, The climatic growth of tension here is excellently managed. I agree with what Shipley says because with this occurring as the play is taking p lace, it enables the reader to be in suspense right up until the end. To some people this play may not be a creation of dramatic art, rather a concoction of the authors contriving mind. I disagree with this because I feel as though this is a dramatic form of art because many elements were shown which make something dramatic such as the accusations and the trial in itself. Before the judges, Abigail and her friends claim that they can feel the presence of the devil like a rushing, mighty wind, which is magnificently dramatic and It is safe to say the Arthur Millers play was based on troublous times, and because certain elements of the society look at the theater as a weapon in the class war, the play can bee seen from many different views. A person could read this play and get a lot out of it without knowing much about it when they began. The first act was confusing and yet the last act opening was intended to provide an emotional rest, there was no sense really being made. However i n the end looking back on the play as a whole, something does come out of it and to each person it is something different although definitely worthwhile. Bibliography: Who is to blame in The Crucible Essay Example For Students Who is to blame in The Crucible? Essay The Crucible was first produced in 1953 in 1952 in the middle of the McCarthy political witch hunts. Miller was trying to convey the parallel between the witch-hunts in Salem and the witch hunts for communists. The hysteria in Salem can be blamed on the individuals or the whole society. Although many individuals contributed to the hysteria the social conditions the characters, the young girls in particular, had to endure is also to blame. There are a number of characters to which some degree of blame could be attributed. One of these characters is Abigail. Abigail is the character who really gets the whole thing started; Uncle, we did dance We will write a custom essay on Who is to blame in The Crucible? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now She first openly admits to dancing in the woods and when the pressure is put on her she says that it was to blame on witchcraft. She uses the situation to her advantage and manages to get back at Goody Proctor who has blackened her name in the village. Although she is very manipulative in some ways she is a victim. She is treated as a child even though she is no longer innocent and virginal; Sweated like a stallion Abigail is very forward and speaks and acts like she is much older than she is. She is a young adult but nobody will treat her like one. Abigail had a relationship with Proctor, but still he calls her a child. Abigail seems to want to break free of the stereotype and this is what leads to hysteria. Abigail did not plan for the situation to get out of hand or lead to the death of innocent people, but she could not really stop it once the ball had started rolling. The accusations led to the hysteria to spiral out of control as more and more people were blamed. Society really is to blame though when it comes to Abigail as society put great pressure on her, which led her to try and break free of her stereotype. Another character that contributes to the hysteria is Parris. The way Parris approached his ministry led to problems. His selfish attitude contributes to the reaction of the girls. The way he runs the church leads to resentment and bad blood in the village. He should be preaching about God but instead he preaches about money. He is always thinking about himself too much and does not consider others; I cannot offer one proposition, but there be a howling riot of argument He may have been able to solve the problems but he couldnt be bothered with the hassle of it and would rather deal with his own problems. He is selfish and only really thinks about money. He thinks he deserves luxuries because he is a minister; Dont a minister deserve a house to live in His selfish attitude contributed to the hysteria in Salem. In some ways it is society to blame  for creating the conditions in which man like Parris, who is quite obviously not a very holy man, can lord it over others simply because he has the title of priest. John Proctor also contributes to the hysteria in Salem. His inability to control his lust contributes to events. His lust for Abigail led Abigail to believe that there could be a proper relationship between them; Ill not be comin for you no more He does try to make it clear to Abigail but he has already led her on too much. When Proctor calls her child it makes Abigail want to prove herself to him and she shows him how powerful she can really be. .uf116089856748cd4fd4e6e5ad16ce45c , .uf116089856748cd4fd4e6e5ad16ce45c .postImageUrl , .uf116089856748cd4fd4e6e5ad16ce45c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf116089856748cd4fd4e6e5ad16ce45c , .uf116089856748cd4fd4e6e5ad16ce45c:hover , .uf116089856748cd4fd4e6e5ad16ce45c:visited , .uf116089856748cd4fd4e6e5ad16ce45c:active { border:0!important; } .uf116089856748cd4fd4e6e5ad16ce45c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf116089856748cd4fd4e6e5ad16ce45c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf116089856748cd4fd4e6e5ad16ce45c:active , .uf116089856748cd4fd4e6e5ad16ce45c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf116089856748cd4fd4e6e5ad16ce45c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf116089856748cd4fd4e6e5ad16ce45c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf116089856748cd4fd4e6e5ad16ce45c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf116089856748cd4fd4e6e5ad16ce45c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf116089856748cd4fd4e6e5ad16ce45c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf116089856748cd4fd4e6e5ad16ce45c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf116089856748cd4fd4e6e5ad16ce45c .uf116089856748cd4fd4e6e5ad16ce45c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf116089856748cd4fd4e6e5ad16ce45c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cross-Cutting Blood Brothers EssayIt seems as though if he had come forward earlier then he could have stopped what was happening. He would not admit to adultery because he did not want his name blackened in the village. Society is really to blame because it condemned sexual impropriety and it made him feel that he could not confess because it is a sin. Putnam is another one of the characters that contributes to the hysteria. He is the prime example of the land owning citizen. He seems to be motivated to make the problem worse. He is very selfish about his land and possessions; You load one oak of mine and youll fight to drag it home He is always fighting and bickering with other people about what belongs to him. As a prominent citizen he could have stopped the hysteria rather than fuelling it. He, instead of dealing with the problems he would rather try and gain more land by getting his daughter to cry rape. Society really is to blame for creating a man like Putnam who is given power through possession of money and use that power for greed. In fact Proctor indicates how the village seems based on money not equality. There is also a collective blame. All the characters build up to create a society, which is prone to this type of situation. The land disputes add to the problems. No single character tries to whole heartedly to solve the crisis because of fear of damaging their own reputation. The way women and children are treated also contributes to the problem. Many of the young women are treated like children and want to demolish the stereotype. There are certain attitudes towards pleasure which means that many of the girls would have had a starved imagination and social life which would have made the witch hunts seem exciting and appealing. The girls were rarely made centre of attention so this sudden interest shown towards them would have also been appealing. It would have seemed ridiculous to them to remove themselves for the spotlight, which they rarely have upon them. Overall it was the whole of society to blame rather than the individual characters. As the village was in the middle of  nowhere there was no escape. This made the situation more intense because everyone was trapped. These external influences slightly contribute to the atmosphere. There are many parallels between the society in Salem and the communist witch hunts. Both conditions are similar; in both cases people are being persecuted without a proper trial or any evidence. Both societies have resentments and jealousies. Miller uses the book to create an absurd situation to mock the McCarthy witch-hunts. It is the individual characters that contribute to the chaos. All of the characters build up to create a society prone to this type of situation.

How to Write a Zoology Term Paper Extended Guide

How to Write a Zoology Term Paper Extended Guide If you’re taking the course of Zoology, you’ll be there to agree that writing a term paper for this discipline is the toughest part. The point is that Zoology is a huge and serious subject and college students need to be too careful and attentive when they choose the topic for the paper. The problems here is that students usually do not get the idea of how huge the project is, which is why later they experience troubles and fail to submit their assignments within the set deadline. Without a doubt, Zoology is a huge area to write an academic paper on. For that reason, you have to pick the field of study first to produce a term paper on. This zoology term paper writing guide aims to explain you all the aspects of producing a top-notch Zoology term paper. Choose the Topic for Your Zoology Term Paper: A Few Lifehacks from Our Writers Commonly, the Zoology term paper comprises maximum 3500 words or from 8 to 10 pages. In order to craft a high-quality Zoology project, you have to follow some crucial steps. Picking the most suitable topic is the first one to take. If you’re struggling to come up with a good idea for your Zoology term paper writing, here are some themes you are free to use, or at least find some inspiration from: Then here are 10 you can use, or at the very least get some inspiration from when writing your zoology term papers: Ecology Evolutionary Zoology. This is the area that specializes in studying how animals interact with the environment. You, as the author of the term paper, need to concentrate on how animals shape the environment, as well as use it to their advantages. Epidemiology Disease Transmission. If you’re interested in diseases and how to treat them, this topic could be the option. Use your Zoology term paper to see how diseases affect the population sizes of different species, as well as how this or that diseases has led to the decline of various species. Urban Wildlife. It is not a secret that animals are being forced to live in an urban environment at the present moment. Many of them can adapt while the other have to somehow fight for their life. A term paper dedicated to how animals tend to survive in the modern world would be a thing of importance to every reader of yours. Early Life History Larval Ecology of Amphidromous Fish. If you’re particularly interested in the topics related to the freshwater ecology, check out the research options in the area of biology and ecology of freshwater fish. Animal Behavior Neurobiology. As the name suggests, this topic is a study of how animals behave, as well as why they act this or that way. There’s much space left for research within the area, which means you won’t experience any problems when conducting the research. Cellular Mechanism. How the organisms of animals function at the cellular level is just as interesting as it is when it comes to human beings. Since this subject area has a bunch of links to many various branches, it is very diverse and easy to research. Unusual Behaviors. At times, the ways the animals behave seem to be pretty counterintuitive. A complete project written on the strange behaviors of animals would make sense and be interesting to read no matter how bizarre. Migration Patterns. Provide a Zoology term paper on how animals tend to migrate, as well as why they do that to the chosen areas and which areas they settle in. The Zoo Life. A Zoology term paper on the life of animals at the zoo is something your target audience can relate to since this is where we all go when we’d like to see a lynx or an elephant in the flesh. Exotic Animals. Why not write a Zoology term paper on the exotic animals? Use your college project to provide information on more exotic animals than the average individual in the street can even imagine. There are many animals out there that you can mention in your project to amaze your tutor, who is not even aware of their existence. Hunting Of Animals. This topic provides you with an opportunity to do an in-depth research on how hunting impacts the population numbers, as well as the mortals behind hunting some species. Continue with Drafts Once you decide on which topic you’d like to work on, the process of real writing starts. It is recommended to create your outline in a separate file in order to be able to expand on every other point, adding information and correcting the details. Are you done with the first draft? Don’t even try to edit it! Don’t stop to pick a better word here or there to boost the sentence structure. You will have time to do it later! Instead, let your ideas and thoughts flow to compose a complete assignment. The Title Page There are different ways of crafting a title page for a Zoology term paper just like bibliographies such as APA or MLA. If you’re required to provide the title page of MLA format, remember that it needs double-spacing and that all letters should be centered. Then, provide the name of your college or university. Skip to about one-third of the title page and put down your term paper title, provide a subtitle if you have one. Now make sure to skip several lines down and write your name, the course number, and name, your tutor’s name and the due date of your Zoology project. As for APA style, ensure to avoid contractions and abbreviations in your title that shouldn’t be more than 12 words in lengths. What is more, the author should also keep away from using words that serve no purpose. In other words, the title of the Zoology term paper of APA format should be concise and clearly inform your reader on what your project is about. Make sure to write the title beginning every word with a capital letter and don’t forget to center-align in. Then provide your name, the academic course that you take, the name of your tutor and the submission date. Table of Contents The table of contents is an organized listing of the key sections and headings, as well as sub-sections and sub-headings of the document. Thus, your readers will immediately see how your paper is organized and then skip down to the term paper sections that are the most interesting to them. It is important to mention that a concise and clear table of contents is the first proof your term paper is a good one. Checklist for the table of contents: Properly formatted; Highlights the key sections of the term paper starting with the Dedications page. If you do not provide the Dedicate page, the Abstract page is the starting point; All headings and titles match exactly what is provided within the paper content; List the titles of every chapter together (do not provide any subsections!); All page numbers must be correct. Introduction In the introduction of the Zoology academic project, you are supposed to make your readers familiar with the paper topic and create interest in reading your piece further. The introductive section precisely describes the main purpose of your research and informs your target audience on why you’ve conducted one. Make sure to briefly review the previous research on the issue with enough background info in order to guide your reader (this can be done by a literature search of peer-viewed, published and primary materials). It is highly important to properly reference the background information. Imagine your introductive section as a sort of a funnel. Begin with stating a very broad topic, field of study, problem and so on. If your term paper is dedicated to the life of aged animals in zoos, feel free to start your introduction by providing the fact that â€Å"Multiple improvements in nutrition and veterinary care of animals that live in zoos have led to an increase in the longevity of these animals over the past 30 years.† From this broad intro, you may switch to a more specific research issue. The final part of the introductive section should also include a statement of the hypothesis you’ve studied and your predictions. When it comes to the hypothesis, the question is about a general statement of casualty for a Zoology observation or pattern. It is recommended to start this paragraph with â€Å"It was hypothesized that A affects B†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"We hypothesized that A affects B†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , etc. The hypothesis usually provides a general â€Å"effect† and some specific prediction statements. Provide the specific questions that you’re going to answer, a short introduction of the general method used, as well as how your project will help expand the knowledge in a particular area. Main Body The body of the Zoology term paper is the longest part. It comprises sections and sub-sections. You, as the term paper author, must state a main point or argument in every section and support it with appropriate information. Each argument should be developed in an ineligible way. If you need to quote some text from journals or books, make use of the so-called in-text citation. For every in-text citation, there must be provided the corresponding entry in the reference list. Example paragraph with an in-text citation: ‘Zoos are required to maintain a high standard of animal welfare, and this can be assessed using a combination of resource-based and animal-based indices usually divided into behavioral indicators, physiological indicators and clinical/pathological signs (Wolfensohn, Shotton, Bowley, Davies and Thompson, 2018). References: Wolfensohn, S.; Shotton, J.; Bowley, H.; Davies, S.; Thompson, S.; Justice, W.S.M. Assessment of Welfare in Zoo Animals: Towards Optimum Quality of Life. Animals 2018, 8, 110.’ If you deal with the online information sources, it is important to keep in mind that cyber sources may not be cited (with a couple of exceptions!) unless they’re internet peer-reviewed materials. In case a college student has an item (an online government publication for example), it is recommended to approach academic tutor to know more details about the specific requirements for the citation part. However, if this or that article can be found only on the web, the author of the Zoology term paper must cite the reference as provided below: ‘Higginbotham, S., W.R. Wong, R.G. Linington, C. Spadafora, L. Iturrado, and A.E. Arnold. 2014. Sloth hair as a novel source of fungi with potent anti-parasitic, anti-cancer and anti-bacterial bioactivity. PLoS ONE 9: e84549. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084549.’ Conclusion Use the conclusive section of your Zoology term paper to state the problem that you have posted, as well as provide an explanation of the results that you have revealed during the research. Produce a brief summary of your observations and interpretations, as well as write a brief description of the results (don’t go into too much details about this!). For instance: ‘The oscillation in the abundance of different groups of prey at different periods maintained the overall prey abundance at a relatively constant level throughout the year, mitigating the effects of prey availability on the abundance and reproductive period of the scorpions. These results suggest that microhabitat exploitation is a key factor to sustain litter-dwelling scorpions in disturbed forest remnants and that T. pusillus can be an ecological indicator of edge effects. (WeltonDionisio-da-SilvaAndrà © Felipe de AraujoLiraCleide Maria Ribeiro deAlbuquerque, Zoology. Volume 129, August 2018, Pages 17-24)’ Besides, you should also highlight the limitations and strengths of your research. What is more, you have an opportunity to provide any suggestions for future work in a particular field of study. References / Bibliography In the bibliography section of your Zoology term paper, you’re required to provide each information source in the proper citation style. Appendices Appendices are an integral part of an academic term or research paper. Usually, they are comprised of the complete list of info of the maps, survey forms, charts, figures, stats, graphs and so on that the author used in the project. Mind that these elements are not included in the actual word count of the project.

Neuroscience Dissertation Introduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Neuroscience Dissertation Introduction - Essay Example Whenever we fall or cut ourselves we experience pain, sometimes unbearable. Hence, our body tells us to take adequate care of that part so that the damage is looked after. We take the help of various pain killers that are available in the market to control and get rid of the pain. Apart from the medicines, anesthesia is also used to numb the pain. People are given local anesthesia before an operation. These are medicines which mix in our blood and we don’t feel the pain. Thus, the basic purpose of the pain killers is to numb the problem organ so that we do not feel any pain. It is one of the pain killers, which is the application of electric current through our skin for pain control. This research will showcase the reasons behind its working. We will also notice the intensity and the duration of the current passed into our skin. The unit used for this is called the TENS that is Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation. TENS is unlike any other pain killers as it does not penetrate into the body. It is a safe nerve stimulation intended to reduce pain, both acute and chronic. There are results to show that TENS can be used as the best pain killer. The constant mode of TENS is found to give a better post analgesic effect for TENS users with chronic pain in clinical trials. However no one has investigated how the harmless feelings can be affected by constant mode TENS. Harmless or non-noxious stimulation is generally used by the animal to make it aware of the state of its body and of its immediate environment. This can be tested by using a non-painful stimulation method, 2 point discrimination test. Any changes after the TENS treatment can affect the awareness of movements and relative position of body parts. This can be a potential issue for some TENS users with balance problem. An experiment was done on this and was found that constant mode TENS gives a higher pain threshold than frequency modulated TENS during

Corrections Module 4 Writing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corrections Module 4 Writing - Coursework Example This is where the defendants are screened and interviewed to determine who is eligible for a pre-trial release. The other is the supervision function. At this stage, the defendants are supervised after their release into the community. A jail can be defined as a confinement facility that usually operates under city or county regulations. They are, however, managed by the government’s law enforcement agency in that area. There are some differences that exist between jails and prisons. One is the authority that governs each. Jails are operated by local governments while prisons by the federal government. The second being the type of people they hold. Prisons hold convicted felons whose sentencing is of more than one year, while the jail is people with minor sentences. The detention functions of jail include housing suspected criminals from going back into society to cause more harm. This is after screening has been done to determine if they are qualified for release. The confinement functions require much more than the detention. This is because in confinement, the defendants need more attention and more care, while the facilities need to be more secure. The mental and physical needs of the defendants must also be catered for. There have been improvements that have led to the better supervision of inmates in jail. This is by improving the living conditions of inmates in jail. The security and safety of inmates has also become a priority to the correction system. Much more attention is given to inmates arriving in jail so as to better understand who the system is dealing with. This is usually carried out by the jail staff. This redesign has led to the better supervision of defendants who range from the most dangerous to the least. The system has been designed to take in fingerprints, photos, and even allow phone calls to the defendants’ friends, and immediate contact. This enables the staff to determine the defendant’s security

World Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

World Music - Essay Example Mizwid and nay are the Arabic instruments which are categorized as aero phones (Arab Music, 2009). Bassam Saba is the master player of nay (Arabic Musical Instruments, 2007). These are used abundantly in Arabic Music in the form of ud, buzuq, qanun and rababah (Arab Music, 2009). Mohammad Abdel Karim from Syria, Matar Muhammad from Lebenon and Ali Jihad Racy from Lebanon are master players of Buzuq (Arabic Musical Instruments, 2007). They create sound of music with strike, shake or pluck. In Arabic music, sijat and mihbaj used and can be categorized in idiophones (Arab Music, 2009). Zill is an example of idiophones used by musicians and belly dancers. It is a pair of small metal made round instrument. It creates a shrill sound with strike. Example of plucked Idiophone is Qanun. Master players of qanun are: Muhammad El Aqqad from Egypt) and Abraham Salman from Iraq (Arabic Musical Instruments, 2007). These are chiefly drums. They use stretched surface to create voice. In Arabic music, the instruments are tabl, darbukkah and riqq (Arab Music, 2009). Master players of riq include Mohamed El Arabi , Adel Shams Eddine , Hossam Ramzi from Egypt (Arabic Musical Instruments, 2007). Arabic music is based chiefly on sound as it expresses emotions. Arabic texture of music is monophony in nature as it remains monophonic in nature whether one or multiple instruments voices are used (Arab Music, 2009). Maqam sets the stage for Arabic Music which is a mix of melodies and Arab meter (Arab Music, 2009). Amr Diab is the best singer in this context as his voice has best quality, texture and Arabic influence which makes one realizes the state of

Cause of Ethnic Conflict in the Middle East

Cause of Ethnic Conflict in the Middle East Politics and the Economy of the Contemporary Middle East:  Explain the cause of the ethnic conflicts in the Middle East. When referring to the nature of any conflict, it must be emphasized that no conflict is a result of a single cause. Various conflicts and rivalries which appear to be a big threat to the Middle East and Northern Africa, are also an important menace for global security. The conflicts escalated especially after the end of the era of colonialism, when territorial issues started to emerge in the region, due to the fact that the whole region was segmented to be under the mandates of several Western countries. (Bleich, 2005) This kind of conflicts can appear not only on an interstate level, but also, in many cases they can be observed on an inner-state level. Causes for these conflicts widely vary, having grounds on religious, ethnic, political and social aspects. Each of the factors constituting the conflict creates certain dynamics in generating the latter. Thus, it makes the process of understanding it fairly troublesome. On the face, one can argue that peoples living in the Middle East are highly undesirable to have any conflicts, especially the Arab population of the territory, provided that most of it shares not only the same religion, but also fairly similar traditions and history. In this essay I will try to explain the intertwined relations of ethnicity and religion as an originator of conflict, and I will try to provide the causes of ethnic conflicts in the Middle East both from inner-state and inter-state aspects, backing them up with case studies of Arab-Israeli confrontation and the Kurdish issues in Turkey, Iran and Iraq. Even long before the latest happenings of the Arab Spring, religion was recognized as an engine of Arab politics. The elections held in 2011 in Tunisia and Egypt, where Muslim Brothers and Salafist partners together won two-third of the assemblies speak in favour of the arguments that give support for the idea of political Islam. (Fakir, 2014) Even though those in lead of Middle East maintained control over religious sector of their countries, (best proof of which are al-Azhar in Egypt, Muffis in Saudi Arabia, direct influence in Iraq in case of Sadam Husein) the great pains taken by them, turned out to be not strong enough to iron out the appeal of religion. (Juergensmeyer, 2013) However, the assertion that religion occupies central role in the given conflicts is not totally justified, the best proof of which is zero involvement of Shi’a minority and Copts in Egypt, the Christian and Baha’i minorities in Iran in rebellion of 1988, irrespective of undergoing high level of religious discrimination. (Juergensmeyer, 2013) Most part of the ethnic minorities failed to accomplish their aspirations for having an autonomous state which is likely to result in future periodic confrontations. One of the major ethnic conflicts happening in this region is the issue of Kurdish people living on the territories of several countries in the Middle East. This is an issue of high priority in Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Iran, and its significance keeps growing bigger paralleled with the population of Kurdish people, who appear to be one of the biggest nations in the world, who do not have an official state (30-40 million people). (Roy, 2011) The rise of the national identity among the Kurdish people has always been a complex and controversial process. The high risk of tension is still present in the Northern part of Iraq which is mostly inhabited by the Kurdish people. It is a potential source of a great number of confrontations between Kurds and the Iraqi government. Consisting of series of wars it broke out shortly after the collapse of Ottoman Empire to last until the invasion of Iraq in the year 2003. The first phase of Iraqi-Kurdish confrontation dates back to World War I and the arrival of British forces. It was back then when the leader of Series of Kurdish uprisings against British mandate declared the short-to-leave the â€Å"Kurdish Kingdom†. Ultimately it resulted in fail. Decades that ensued saw several more attempts to negotiate and fight against Iraqi rule, however, it was not until 1961 when history witnessed First Iraqi-Kurdish War followed by negotiation stage the unfruitful nature of which triggered hostility to start second phase of the confrontation known as Second Iraqi Kurdish War. The consequence was reinvasion of the northern part of the country by Iraqi government. The recharge of the conflicts involving Kurdish parties on one side and Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein on the other was witnessed by 1986 with Kurds gaining military backup from Iran. (Fox, 2005) This is the pe riod when Iraqi government implemented a campaign which brought death to estimate of around 50.000 to 100.000 people. (Human Rights Watch, 1992) Rebellions that shook Iraq after the War in Gulf saw merely Kurds to document a success, that of unrecognized autonomy in the non-fly zone. However, this was by far not the most considerable gain of Kurdish struggle. With the overthrow of Saddam rule recognition of autonomy was reached. Even after the Gulf War, when the soil for creating an independent entity was given inner struggle (between two leading parties that of Kurdish Democratic Party and Patriotic Union of Kurds) stood wall to the way of national victory. (Fox, 2005) The case of Iraq shows that Kurdish people, being a minority in an Arab country, although most part of the minority having the same religion with Iraqi Arabs, sharing a history of several centuries as well as sharing their culture and traditions, still claimed independence, mostly due to the large population number ( an estimated 6 million people) (Roy, 2011), and the idea of self-determination, accompanied with the ethnic tensions towards Kurds by the Iraqi government. The roots of the Kurdish issue in modern day Turkey are documented as early as the desolation of the Ottoman Empire, while the first documents proving the existence of this ethnic group in this area date back to 10th and 11th centuries. (BOÄÅ ¾AZÄ °Ãƒâ€¡Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ° UNIVERSITY, 2006) Since the early era of the Ottoman Empire, Kurds lived in peace with the local peoples, the historical fact that triggered the ethnic conflict, which still has a big impact on the development of the latter is the Treaty of Sevres, according to which the Kurds were promised a vast territory, which they called Kurdistan. The promised lands were never given to the Kurdish people provided that the treaty was cancelled because of the great pains taken by the Turkish newly born democratic government. But the struggle to get a personal homeland existed ever since the signing of the treaty. The most significant reasons for the Kurdish issue are the economic underdevelopment of the Kurd populated regions, along with the political lawlessness of the Kurdish population, the passive development of the social and cultural life and the ignorance of Turkish government towards the Kurdish national human rights. The aspiration of the Kurdish people for self-determination and the desire to play a political role proportional to its population in Turkey, also gives a firm background for the escalation of the conflict. Another major factor is the geopolitical location of the so-called â€Å"Turkish Kurdistan† which is considered to be in the very central part of Middle East and although it has always been a vast arena for endless wars throughout the history, the state policy of the Turkish government clearly prompts that the idea of independent Kurdistan will never come true. The conflict between Israel and Palestine, which then developed to a bigger scale confrontation between most of the Arab world and Israel is a good example of a range of inter-state conflicts. The precise start date of the Arab-Israeli conflict is not clearly documented as far as the fight over the territory has lasted for a considerable period of time. Central subject of which appears to be the dispute over drawing clear borders between the two countries. Undoubtedly the conflict is considerably more controversial and complex. To fully understand the causes behind the conflict between Arab and Israeli people one should not downsize the number of various factors, which trigger the escalation of the tension. On contrary, a holistic approach should be applied and even the smallest constituents are to count in order to get the real picture. After the United Nations resolution 181, Jews, who counted less than one third of the inhabitance of the region, owning only eight percent of the te rritory were given the chance of owning more than fifty percent of the Palestinian territories. (UN, 1947) This gave birth to a fight between Jews and Palestinian Arabs to which a solution has not been found yet. Two confronting sides longing for homeland wanted to be gifted national independence with the help of the powerful British state, who was a big colonialist back then. Self-determination and the independence, not alien to the nature of the conflict, did not, however, occupy the central rule in its origin. Regardless of the appeal to label the conflict as ethnic or religious the fundamental cause is political, that is to say a fight for control over territories. The micro concepts which narrows down the nature of conflict to a religious aspect, thus blaming on Zionism and Jewish identity ignore the fact that Zionism is a political ideology whereas Judaism bears a religious and cultural nature. (WRMEA, 2014) Not minimizing the role of religion in the given conflict, it should be mentioned that when talking about conflicts and their causes religion, ethnicity and politics interconnect, giving birth to so-called political religion. Thus, the geopolitical nature of the given conflict, spanned throughout the whole Arab region, adding a large number of ethnic shades and transforming the allegedly ethnic conflict into a political conflict and back to an ethnic one, this time on a much bigger scale, which led to open anti-Semitic propaganda by many Arab leaders. (Adl.org, 2011) So, even if back at the roots the confrontation was more about gaining territories, further developments gave a solid ground to state that currently the nature of the latter is mostly ethnic. Taking into close considerations all the facts discussed above, we come to a conclusion that the accuracy is often lost in attempts to define the true nature of conflicts in Middle East due to the complicated and interrelated nature of the factors defining them. Territorial issues are considered to be as major causes for ethnic conflicts. Due to a number of migrations of the population, conquests, wars and other geopolitical processes the resettlement of nations was a common thing, which could lead to territorial claims. As an argument, both sides can bring up the fact that the disputed territory once belonged to either of them, which makes the solution a lot more complicated. Most part of ethnicities in the world does not own a state. (CIA, n.d.) Depending on the development level of their cultural, social, political and national self-consciousness or the fact that they used to have a state in the past, the idea of establishing a national state may emerge within a dependent ethnicit y. Inner-state ethnic conflicts may transform into big threats for national security of a certain country, and inter-state ethnic conflicts into a range of long-lasting wars and hatred between two or more ethnicities. Bibliography Civilizational, Religious, and National Explanations for Ethnic Rebellion in the Post-Cold War Middle East. Jewish Political Studies Review 13 (1-2) Spring, 2001 pp 177-204 Adl.org, (2011). ANTI-SEMITISM IN THE MUSLIM/ARAB WORLD. [online] Available at: http://www.adl.org/anti-semitism/muslim-arab-world/c/hamas-in-their-own-words.html#.VRP1FPnz2So [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015]. Bleich, E. (2005). The legacies of history? Colonization and immigrant integration in Britain and France. Theory and Society, 34(2), pp.171-195. BOÄÅ ¾AZÄ °Ãƒâ€¡Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ° UNIVERSITY, (2006). The origin of Turkeys Kurdish question: an outcome of the breakdown of the Ottoman Ancien Regime. BOÄÅ ¾AZÄ °Ãƒâ€¡Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ° UNIVERSITY. CIA, (1948). The Kurdish Minority Problem. [online] Available at: http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/89801/DOC_0000258376.pdf [Accessed 23 Mar. 2015]. CIA, (n.d.). Ethnic Groups. [online] CIA. Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2075.html [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015]. Fakir, I. (2014). Egypt’s example looms large in Tunisia’s elections. The Nationalist. [online] Available at: http://www.thenational.ae/opinion/comment/egypts-example-looms-large-in-tunisias-elections [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015]. Human Rights Watch, (1992). The 1991 Uprising in Iraq And Its Aftermath. [online] USA. Available at: http://www.hrw.org/reports/1992/Iraq926.htm [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015]. Juergensmeyer, M. (2013). Thinking globally pp 90-92 Klein, M. (2011). The Shift: Israel-Palestine From Border Struggle to Ethnic Conflict. Foreign Affairs, (Sept-Oct). Roy, S. (2011). The Kurdish Issue. Foreign Policy Journal. Snyder, M. (2014). Post-War Iraq: The Triangle of Ethnic Tensions. Harvard International Review, [online] 35(4). Available at: http://hir.harvard.edu/archives/5766 [Accessed 23 Mar. 2015]. UN, (1947). Partition Plan of Palestine. New York: The General Assembly of UN. Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, (2014). The Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. [online] Available at: http://www.wrmea.org/the-origins-of-the-israeli-palestinian-conflict.html [Accessed 24 Mar. 2015].

Appreciating Loved Ones Essay

I never used to think that one day I would lose my grandfather. I had always thought he would always be there when I needed him. When I lost my grandpa, I lost my best friend the one I would call for anything I needed. Such as when I needed someone to talk to someone or just to call him to see what he was doing. It had never occurred to me a lot of bad things happen in this world, such as losing someone. Losing a loved one can cause you to learn so many things positive and negative. I for myself can say I learned a few things such as encouraging words can change a person’s mind set and you should treasure your loved ones. Although I learned some of life’s lessons, it still is a terrible way to learn them. When my grandfather was alive we did a lot of activities together. He would sometimes get me and my sister from school, and we would get ice cream or go to the park. He took me and my sister fishing a few times. He also showed us how to make a kite. During the summer h e would take me and my sister swimming at a pool near his house. He took us to the beach and once took us scuba diving. Four years ago on my birthday he came to my house and he took me, my sister, brother, and mom out to eat. Then he took me to the mall to buy clothing of my choice. The next day around 1:30 my mom received a phone call from my grandfather saying he wasn’t feeling well. We rushed to his house and he wasn’t able to get up, so we called an ambulance. He was hospitalized for liver failure. For the next two weeks we had gone to visit him at Chippenham Hospital. In the first week he wasn’t really able to talk, because they put an air tube down his throat. In the second week he was talking to me and my other family members. He apologized to my grandmother for all the wrong he did when they were married. My family members included my seven aunts, three uncles, and eight cousins, my mom and dad, and my grandmother. The last three days of his life were going rather well. He had previously purchased a house for himself five minutes away from my house. He was prepared to move in on November 23rd. He had purchased a house with five bedrooms for each of his grandchildren to sleep in when they visited. My mom told me that he was getting better and was planning to throw him a welcome home dinner. The last of day of his life he told everyone good bye and he loved them, as if he knew he was going to die. The next morning my mom was supposed to go to work. Instead I found her teary eyed looking through our photo album. I asked her what’s wrong she replied â€Å"he died late last night. Before he died, he told me â€Å"Ayanna Ciara Bonner, I believe you can do anything and I love you forever.† I will remember those words forever. After my grandfather passed I kept having reruns of all the memories we had shared together. For instance when were at a family reunion at a lake, and it was time for karaoke.me and my grandfather decided to sing. We sang â€Å"You are my sunshine† for the family and we had so much fun doing it. Another time is when he came to one of my soccer games and drilled with me before my game, and we had a lot of fun doing it, but he ended up with a sprained ankle. My best memory of my grandfather was when the first time he took us fishing. He had rented a boat and got my sister and I pink fishing rods. He was trying to teach me how to cast the reel, and I ended up falling into the water. My grandpa jumped in the water to save me. He told me that I gave him a heart attack and to be more careful. I realized people should appreciate loved ones before it is too late and no regrets. I wish I could say I love you to my grandpa one more time and I could spend one last day with him. A loved one is someone that cannot be replaced. There has not been a day I haven’t thought about him. I wish I would have realized that you should not take your family for granted. One day they could be here, then boom, they’re gone. I know it’s hard to think about life this way, but its life. Try to make many memories with family and make them last.

Non thermal food preservation methods Essay

Food deteriorate in quality due to a wide range of chemical and enzymatic reactions, added to this the consumer demands faster production rate for high quality food with â€Å"fresh-like† characteristics and long shelf life, leading to the application of thermal processes for food preservation. However this thermal treatments cause undesirable effects on food flavor, color and nutritional attributes such as protein and vitamin destruction. These market conditions together with the disadvantages of the traditional food preservation technologies forced the food products manufacturers to seek for improvements in existing methods and the development of new preservation technologies. Called non-thermal food preservation methods, this new and emerging preservation techniques work by killing the microorganisms and inhibiting its enzymatic activity exerting a minimal impact on the nutritional and sensory properties of foods for an extended shelf life. Additionally non-thermal methods allow the processing of foods below temperatures traditionally used during thermal control processes, so flavors, vitamins and essential nutrients undergo minimal or no change. â€Å"They are also considered to be more energy efficient and to preserve better quality attributes than conventional thermally based processes. Non-thermal processes also meet industry needs by offering value-added products, new market opportunities and added safety margins (Morris et al., 2007)†. Foods can be non-thermally processed by high hydrostatic pressure, ultrasound, filtration, irradiation, hurdle technologies and electric methods such as pulsed electric fields, oscillating magnetic fields and high-voltage discharge. â€Å"Due to technological developments, high pressure processing and high electric field pulse processing have received increased attention during the last decade (Butz & Tauscher, 2002)  ¨. The main purpose of this assignment is to give a detailed review and approach to the non-thermal preservation technologies of pulsed electric field processing and high hydrostatic pressure processing by individually analyzing the objectives, equipment and process employed, effects in the food components and properties, and comparing and contrasting the advantages and disadvantages of each method to conclude which process can preserve in longer and in better shape the characteristics that define a â€Å"commercially† high quality product. PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD (PEF) Constituting a non-thermal treatment for food preservation which has a variety of uses in the field of food conservation, ranging from microorganism or enzyme inactivation and deceleration in liquid food to mass transfer process in plant materials (Wang et al., 2013). The application of PEF includes the implementation of short repeated high voltage pulses to form cell membranes and develops an alternative to the traditional pasteurization process in the food industry based on thermal processing (Janositz et al., 2011). Liquid, semi-liquid and solid food can undergo pulsed electric field processing. Objective Pulsed electric field processing use a strong defined system that rarely changes its foundations allowing it to keep the general objective of the non-thermal preservation technologies, inhibiting the enzymatic activation of that causes food decomposition using continuous intensive electrical pulses between electrodes to treat foods that consequently, inactivate microorganisms Equipment The food products that will be treated is a critical factor in design and equip with the adequate machinery the PEF system chamber, its hygienic design is also determining for the quality and safety of foods that will be treated and produced. The commonly used equipment for the pulsed electric field system consists of a high-voltage power source, and energy storage capacitor bank, a charging current limiting resistor, a switch to discharge energy from the capacitor across the food, and a treatment chamber (Ortega-Rivas, 2012). Treatment systems used in the pulsed electric field treatment can be classified as batch or continuous (Zhang et all., 2010). Batch or static system chamber consist in two parallel plates that provide the most uniform electric field area. Continuous have the same equipment for the high voltage pulse generator but also incorporate a pumping continuous system that allows the nonstop processing, necessary for the industrial application. Process Development The bank of capacitors is charged by a direct current power source from the amplified current main source. An electrical switch is used to discharge energy stored in the capacitor bank across the food held in the preservation/treatment chamber Mechanism of Action Pulsed electric field manages different types of voltages that cause different implications in the processed food, generating a short burst of high voltage to a food placed between two electrodes. When subjected to a higher electric voltage, a large flux of electric current flows through food surface acting a conductors because of the present of charge carriers like ions (Ortega-Rivas, 2012). Although the detailed mechanism that pulsed electric field uses to inactivate the enzymes and microorganism has not been fully clarified, two theories have been proposed: the dielectric breakdown theory and the electroporation theory (Zhang et all., 2010). In the dielectric breakdown mechanism a cell membrane with induced potential starts to compress from reversible pores to irreversible on the membrane, on the other hand the electroporation theory mechanism on a cell membrane makes a osmotic unbalance that swells and leads to a the membrane rupture. HIGH HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE (HHP) High hydrostatic pressure alters the equilibrium between protein-protein and protein-solvent interactions at different levels of pressure and time combinations causing minimal loss of vitamins and flavor compounds maintaining the sensory and nutritional quality attributes of food products. Known for its versatility in its applications, HHP provides new alternatives in food products such as cakes, jams, sauces and fruit juices making the further investigation of high hydrostatic pressure is necessary for seeking more advantages in other food processing products (Yang et all., 2012). Like pulsed electric field process, high hydrostatic pressure is an alternative to conventional thermal pasteurization for food preservation (Yang et all., 2012). Objective Using up to 600 MPa of high pressure, high hydrostatic pressure objective is to achieve microbial inactivation or to alter the food attributes in order to obtain consumer-desired qualities maintaining its natural freshness and extending its shelf life, causing minimal changes in the original characteristics of food by eliminating thermal degradation. Equipment Although the equipment used for high hydrostatic pressure is expensive and specialized, due to its popularity is available in a variety of types and quality. Every high hydrostatic pressure system consist of multiple components, its main constituents are the pressure vessel and its enclosure, the pressure generator system, the temperature control device and materials handling adaptation (Ortega-Rivas, 2012). The main factors food producers must consider when building the main components of an HHC system like pressure vessels are stress endurance, resistance and corrosion. High-pressure vessel is usually made of low-alloy steel (Bhat, 2011). Process Development Place the food package in a sterilized container and load it in the pressure chamber. Fill the pressure chamber with water and hold under pressure for the time required to pressurize the vessel. Depressurize the chamber and remove processed food. . After pressurization, the food is kept under high pressure for the required process time. Depressurization can be done faster. Mechanism of Action HHP removes air from the food packaging the products. During the pressurizing process the time required to pressurize the vessel is influenced by the compressibility and the nature of the food material but independent to the quantity of food placed in the pressure vessel (Ortega-Rivas, 2012). There are two types of pressurization systems, direct and indirect (Ortega-Rivas, 2012). The indirect pressurization system is pumped through a high-pressure intensifier into the pressure vessel, the intensifier is used to increase the pressure to desired levels. This system requires high-pressure tubing and appropriate fittings to convey the medium into the pressure vessel. In direct system, the pressure intensifier and the pressure vessel worked as a large single unit, so a piston is used to deliver the high pressure to the product. The limitations of this system are that it requires heavy duty seals that can withstand the repeated opening or closure and the need of a large number of seals between the pressure vessel and the piston. EFFECTS The wide field of application that both PEF and HHP have led to find in the literature many of experiments where the positives effects of this two process are observed in any kind of food products. Their most common effects are the inactivation of microorganisms and the enhance of biological compounds. Pulsed Electric Field Extension of shelf life produced by PEF has been reported. Antioxidant components such as anthocyanins, carotenoids, phenolic compounds and vitamin C are very sensitive to heat, effects of PEF is very low making it an excellent alternative to the thermal processes that lead to the loss of antioxidant and bioactive compounds (Bhat,2011). PEF effects in important parameters that determine the â€Å"commercial† quality of a final product have been demonstrated. Food parameters like drying, extraction and pression of solid texture can improve if using the suitable electrical load (Zhang et all., 2010). Enzyme inactivation after a PEF treatment is the secondary most important effect. High Hydrostatic Pressure By enabling the enzyme activation HHC prevents the rapidly and uniform propagation of microorganism throughout the food, making this the main effect in benefit of the product quality. APPLICATIONS As established at different points throughout the text, the applications of this two methods are used in all the food industry fields. Vegetable and meat product industries use these technologies to maintain fresh-like sensory qualities on its products. Sea food and juices and beverages focus more in increasing the water uptake and water holding properties (Klonowski et all.,2006). ADVANTAGES The main advantages of PEF and HHP in comparison with the thermal preservation process is the fact that their quality has been proved in products that globe all the types of food industries. Competition between the various types of processes makes companies optimize everyday technologies to deliver better quality products. DISADVANTAGES Due to the difficulty that represents obtaining the materials to build the machinery and the time that it takes, makes using PEF and HHP a privilege for those companies that can afford the high cost of manufacturing and maintenance. CONCLUSION HHP has a clear advantage over PEF due to the effects that water pressure have against inactivation of microorganisms, more effective than the electric pulses. REFERENCES Bhat, R., Alias, A.K., & Paliyath, G. (2011). Progress inf Food Preservation (1st ed). Wiley. Butz, P. & Tauscher B. (2002). Emerging technologies: chemical aspects. Food Research International, 32(2-3), 279-284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(01)00197-1 Janositz, A., Noack, A.K., & Knorr, D. (2011). Pulsed electric fields and their impact on the diffusion characteristics of potato slices. LWT- Food Science and Technology, 44(9), 1939-1945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2011.04.006 Klonowski, I., Heinz, V., Toepfl, S., Gunnarsson, G., & Porkelsson, G. (2006). Applications of Pulsed Electric Field Technologies for the Food Industry. Icelandic Fisheries Laboratories. http://www.avs.is/media/avs/Skyrsla_06-06.pdf Morris, C., Brady, A., & Wicker, L. (2007). Non-Thermal Food Processing/Preservation Technologies: A Review with Packaging Implications. Packaging Technology and Science, 20(4), 275-286. doi/10.1002/pts.789/pdf Ortega-Rivas, E. (2012). Non-thermal Food Engineering Operations (1st ed). Washington State University, USA. Saldaà ±a, G., Puà ©rtolas, E., Monfort, S., Raso, J., & Alvarez, I. (2011). Defining treatment conditions for pulsed electric field pasteurization of apple juice. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 151(1), 29-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.07.033 Wang, Z., Wang, J., Guo, S., Ma, S., & Yu, S.J. (2013). Kinetic modeling of Maillard reaction system subjected to pulsed electric field. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2013.06.007 Yang, B., Shi, Y., Xia, X., Xi, M., Wang, X., Ji, B.,& Meng, J. (2012). Inactivation of foodborne pathogens in raw milk using high hydrostatic pressure. Food Control, 28(2). 273-278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.04.030 Zhang, H., Barbosa-Canovas, G., Balasubramaniam, V., Bala, M., Dunne, C., Farkas, D., & Yuan, J.(2010). Nonthermal Processing Technologies for Food (1st ed). Wiley.

Slave Trade essays

Slave Trade essays When thinking about the slave trade and everything that goes along with it, it makes me angry. I feel that taking millions of Africans from their home, putting them through torture and treating them inhumanly, just to help the economy is very wrong. To do something like that to the human race is unfortunate. Even though there were some benefits of slave labor and slave trade, it was not worth all the torture that went on. First off, what the Africans had to go through was very cruel. Millions of Africans were taken from Africa to make the journey on a boat to be traded. While making the trip to their new homeland, they were treated like dirt. The vessel was only seventy-five feet long yet 350 Negros crammed on board. One hundred and eighty were stowed as to have barely sufficient height to hold them selves up. (library book) The conditions on the boat the slaves were on were very poor. It was very unclean. The floor of their rooms was so covered in blood and mucus that it looked like a slaughterhouse. If the slaved died or had a contagious disease or sickness, they were simply thrown overboard for the sharks to eat or to get washed up on shore. (library book) For a human being to under go these conditions, it is wrong. The Africans were given no respect, which they deserved. This is very tragic and cruel. Not only did they suffer on their journey across water, they suffered when they reached their new home in possession of their owner. They were forced to do hard labor, had a poor diet and clothing, and inadequate housing. Because of the conditions they were forced to live in, they had a high mortality rate. (text book) They were punished by whipping, and other harsh corporal punishments.() Slaves were often forbidden to gather in large groups in fear that they may plan a revolt against their master. They also were not allowed to be married. Their children were automatically owned by the slaves owner not by the...

Genghis Khan Resume Essays

Genghis Khan Resume Essays Genghis Khan Resume Essay Genghis Khan Resume Essay Focused mainly on relationship development and general retention and grow the . ; Use military strategies that focus on intelligence gathering and deep understanding of rivals motivations. Conquered such empires on the road to glory as the Western Ixia Dynasty, the Jinx Dynasty, and Ukrainian Kanata. Used deep analysis to identify, strategies, and act on expansion opportunities. Presented conclusions and decisions clearly to War Generals and other upper management. Accomplishments: Created the largest empire the world has ever known, stretching from Korea t Hungary at its largest extent. Unified the Mongol people. ; Organized a nearly invincible army of fearless, nomadic warriors. ; Extraordinary speed and devastating ruthlessness in conquering territories. Skills: Self taught hunting and gathering after my entire family was exiled from my d dead fathers tribe. Excelled in marmot catching and murdering half-breeds in order to establish family dominance and begin building my empire. I nterests: Hunting ; Settling Scores Letter delivered by Horsemen February 20, 1225 Mrs.. Selene United Federation of Conquerors Dear Mrs.. Selene, Have you ever conquered over 12,700,000 square miles, and had one of the largest empires of all time, I Genesis Khan would be the perfect fit for the position of Chairman of the board of the United Federation of Conquerors because of my large expansion in a small period of time, and my absolute destruction of all in my way. When I founded the Mongol empire I never knew how much land we would conquer in such a short period of time, we were able to get more land in 25 y ears then the Romans got in 400 years. : By having an army Of nearly invincible army Of fee roles, nomadic warriors and by using military strategies that focus on intelligence gathering and deep understanding of rivals motivations we were able to devastate the r armies and cities that stood in our way. The Mongol empire was known as one of the most feared empires of all time because of our ruthless killings and fearless army, if you did not surrender to us your village, city, even empire would be completely slaughtered. But if you did sour ender and join us you would be free to continue your practices and faith.

The Difference Between Inductive And Deductive Reasoning. How Are Essay

The Difference Between Inductive And Deductive Reasoning. How Are Issues Of Validity And Truth Distinguished - Essay Example The inductive reasoning is intuitive and majorly a result of guesswork. For this reason, inductive reasoning is said to be probabilistic (Hacking, 2001, p.38). The conclusions obtained from the specific examples are analysed to form a general proposition that is a probabilistic one. The general rule that is formed as a result of inductive is subject to test and the outcome of those tests could not be guaranteed. The concept of inductive reasoning was developed by the Scottish philosopher David Hume. Hume stated that the daily habits of human beings are the reflection of the uncertain conclusions that are derived from the limited experiences (Dewey, 2008, p.47). Thus the general principles developed are not tested and derived but are the outcome of specific events in life. This is where inductive reasoning is significant. There is no scope of drawing logical conclusions that could be guaranteed through inductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning could be termed as bottom-up reasoning. .. . Deductive reasoning links the premises to the derived conclusions. The conclusions drawn from the general principles through deductive reasoning could be validated by specific examples. The conclusions derived from the general propositions are true for any individual event that is an application of the general rule (Descartes, 2006, p.26). The laws of syllogism provide one form of logical reasoning that helps in the logical deduction of conclusions from the general statements or propositions. The general statements being given, a hypothesis is designed which is tested in order to reach a logical conclusion. There are two other laws, namely the law of detachment and the law of contra-positive that are used in the process of deductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning could be explained with the help of the following example. The general propositions considered in this case are: All tables are chairs and some tables are fans. From the given two statements, it could be deduced logically th at some chairs are fans. This conclusion has been deducted with the help of the given two statements and applying the laws of syllogism. Thus a specific instance has been drawn though deductive reasoning from the two general statements (Bacon, 2009, p.67). Distinction between validity and truth The process of deductive reasoning considers the general propositions and designs a hypothesis in order to logically deduce a conclusion. The conclusion drawn from the general statements are valid logically and are considered to be true. The premises or the general propositions are considered to be true for the purpose of logical deduction. The hypothesis is for the purpose for the logical deduction of the

Effective Communication as a Code Enforcement Officer Term Paper

Effective Communication as a Code Enforcement Officer - Term Paper Example For Code Enforcement Officers to learn and practise effective communication in their work, it is recommended that efforts at the personal and organizational level must be shown. While the employers of Code Enforcement Officers should offer free training on effective communication, the officers themselves must reflect on their weaknesses in communication and develop personal strategies of overcoming them in order to be effective communicators. Effective communication is the core of healthy relationships and is important for all professionals. Code Enforcement Officers work with communities and their tasks are centred on people with whom they interact with daily. For Code Enforcement Officers, therefore effective communication is mandatory in order to ensure good outcome from their work. This paper discusses effective communication as it applies to Code Enforcement Officers. The main argument is that effective communication is necessary for all Code Enforcement Officers, as each of the tasks they perform can only be executed effectively when effective communication is involved. This paper will add value to the knowledge on effective communication and Code Enforcement Officers. In addition, this has implications for individual Code Enforcement Officers, the state governments that employ the Code Enforcement Officers as well as any other individual interested in effective communication. This paper is also meaningful to me as this has widened my knowledge on effective communication through the diverse sources that I have utilised for my research to develop the paper. This paper also draws on concepts taught in class especially on communication, thus is an application of concepts learnt in class. The choice of topic of this paper was motivated by the fact that Code Enforcement Officers play an important role in society and work selflessly for the good of other people notwithstanding the

The origin, growth and development of Japanese art and culture Term Paper

The origin, growth and development of Japanese art and culture - Term Paper Example Most of the Asian fashion designs might seem to be imitations of the European styles, but this is not the case in actual sense. On the other hand, it would be absurd to ignore the impact that the Western countries have had on the East. In the entire development period which was most vibrant during the twentieth century, aesthetics and other methods where gotten from the European countries and many Asians where proud to recognize the efforts of Western countries. As the poet Tekkan once mentioned, â€Å"We love the poetry of our predecessors, who are both from the West and the East† (Arrowsmith, 2011, p.28). The beginning of the Metropolitan Court Culture By the occurrence of the Heian period, which was between 794-1185, the Japanese governing system was not fully transformed. During this period, power in Japan had been transferred to the emperor and his ministers. The quasi-independent aristocracy was now changed to the metropolitan elite that comprised of the rituals, intrigu es, history and the imperial courts. The most fundamental happening during this revolution was the adoption of the Chinese cultures and civilization. In 618, a dynasty known as Tang was established and it reigned for almost 300 years. During this period, most of the Chinese cultures acquired their flowering and maturity. ... These styles were unique, and an example is the three dimensionality and realism by the use of models in visual arts. In no time, the art designs and models came to be known as Tang International Styles (Mason, 2005, p.41). The Art of Buddhism Buddhism is one of the earliest arts that were established in China. By the mid years of the fifth century, Koguryo and Paekche, which were all Korean kingdoms, had adopted the art of Buddhism. Silla also adopted the art during the same period as the Korean kingdoms. During the Tang, just as the other Chinese dynasties, the Buddhism community played a vital role in the general affairs of the nations that adopted it. With well located monasteries and temples, the Chinese empire was inhabited by the Buddhist community that managed to make the Tang emperor the most supreme authority on the planet. In an artistic view, the Buddhist community can be said to be the richest, as arts lead to wealth and influence. As the Tang International Style is stil l embraced and praised in the four corners of the earth, its originality is reflected on the surviving paintings and sculptures of the Buddhists (Mason, 2005, p.41). The Paekche embassies, including that of 584 and 552, were unable to introduce Buddhism to Japan. However, they managed to attract the attention of Prince Shotoku who was a champion of the Buddhist cause. By 587, Buddhism had gained control in the Japanese Imperial government and was in fact a crucial foothold. In less than a century, the art has spread and was now in Yamato itself, under the regimes of Tenmu the emperor and Jito the empress who was Tenmu’s successor. Jito officially advocated Buddhism as one of the vital instruments in the

Research-based Reading Program Essay Example for Free

Research-based Reading Program Essay The Texas Reading Initiative has outlined a fairly comprehensive statement on the value of reading and the significance of infusing the habit of literacy among the young. Besides teaching/conducting a reading program per se, the quality, depth and integrity of such teaching methodology is equally important. This is the main reason why most reading advocates have bannered the discourse of a â€Å"research based† reading program rather than the traditional teaching methodology for teaching children how to read. It works on the emerging assumption that teaching the young is delicate enough for the reading teacher to adapt a research-based method. The paper on Components of a Research-based Reading Program, part of the Red Book Series by the Texas Education Agency, outlines the fundamental attributes of the recent development of teaching reading among the young. It is composed of a deeper understanding of the recesses of a child’s mind, its formation, development and predictable growth (Hilgard, 2001). Generally, the essential attributes of these Twelve Essential Components comprise an advanced understanding of adult-child training and communication: the Teacher-Trainer, the channel and the recipient (the child). These maybe the basic attributes of ordinary communication but an analysis of the paper can reveal that the communication framework is actually the basis of this research-based program, not to mention that the concept of code interpretation and language are involved and mentioned in that paper. The two ends of this communication curve, the Teacher-trainer and the child are the live working elements of this reading program, which makes the simplest components. What is generally interesting in these Twelve Components is the channel element and how the child decodes the communication. The paper frequently discusses the concept of language and how the child perceives instruction from the teacher, which is its whole point. This is the brunt/meat of the teaching methodology, where the paper discusses â€Å"opportunities† and â€Å"strategies† to aid child development. Such things are stated on the paper as to how to exploit the nature of the language channel, where educators strategically use the oral component to understand the written language-the act of reading. According to the authors, by the oral way, the child is directed into opportunities for appreciating sounds, its differences and â€Å"referents†, a concept used by linguists. They say that children may read aloud and â€Å"understand their building blocks† (www. tea. com), which we assume as auditory building blocks. This may imply that to reinforce one’s reading, one has to learn how to speak it first, using the auditory logic of the language’s construction, thus utilizing the nature of the child’s brain to absorb these â€Å"building blocks† into communicative memory (www. childdevelopmentinfo. com). And of course, there is the written format to contend with. This is where the recipient can visually decode using some of the strategies. Decoding in this context means visually playing with the language construction (â€Å"wordplay† as the paper says) through â€Å"blending† and what they call â€Å"word families† and writing patterns. On a lighter note, there is nothing new about the research-based reading program offered by the Texas Reading Initiative. The allegedly â€Å"new† methodology works much like teaching a foreign language to students in the collegiate level, but in the child’s case, localized and specialized for a kindergarten or grade-schooler. The same opportunities and teaching strategies have existed in basic foreign language class in university, and child psychologists seem to find it effective if made easier for children. Reference: Child Development Institute. Reading Improvement. Retrieved January 27, 2008, from http://www. childdevelopmentinfo. com/store/reading-improvement. htm. Hilgard, E. R. (2001). Introduction to Psychology. New York : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.